Internal corrosion of carbon steel (CS) in the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H_2S) is known as sour corrosion, which causes the deterioration of metal due to contact with H_2S and water (H_2O) and forms corrosion products containing iron sulfide (FeS). Oil wells that produce liquid hydrocarbon and water typically convey dissolved corrosive gases, particularly H_2S and carbon dioxide (CO_2). In sour systems, the localized corrosion of CS has progressively become a greater concern to the oil and gas industry as a result of increased production in environments that contain H_2S. This has necessitated an increase in knowledge of localized corrosion mechanisms so efficient corrosion prediction and mitigation methods can be developed.
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