Technology Developments in NOAA's Real-Time Coastal Observing Systems

摘要

The critical need for real-time coastal oceanographic and meteorological measurements to support maritime forecasters, emergency managers, pilots, vessel operators, port authorities, coastal planners, and many other decision makers has rapidly grown, along with the variety of scientific research applications that rely on resulting long-term data records. To support the needs for such observations, the National Ocean Service Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) continues to maintain and develop the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON) and Physical Oceanographic Real-Time Systems (PORTS (R)). Together, these networks consist of over 300 long-term, real-time observatories distributed across the nation's coasts. In situ data measured and disseminated in real time from NWLON and PORTS stations include water levels, ocean currents, waves, water temperature, conductivity, bridge clearance, visibility, and several meteorological parameters. CO-OPS invests heavily in analysis of emerging technologies to identify potential improvements in data quality and operating efficiency and to ensure that the evolving needs of its diverse user community are continuously met. Recent enhancements to the CO-OPS network include the transition to microwave radar water level sensors to increase accuracy and simplify installation and maintenance requirements; development and testing of nearshore wave measurement systems; development of standalone, bottom-mounted water level gauges for applications in remote Arctic areas; and expanding data communication capabilities to improve usage of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites and to broaden use of the Iridium satellite system. An overview of the latest design features of typical CO-OPS real-time stations is presented, along with highlights of recent system developments and enhancements.