The use of Computational Fluid Dynamics or simply CFD has played a significant role in the refinement and optimization of propeller blades, nozzle and components. Using numerical models and algorithms, CFD enables manufacturers to simulate the flow of water around the propeller surfaces. Using CFD and model tank tests, Germany's Schottel GmbH, for example, was able to engineer a new nozzle geometry that would increase thrust under static and bollard conditions for tugs and ferries that are dynamically positioned.
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