Man-made marine

摘要

More than any other species humans have landscaped the Earth, altering it to suit our needs. What may be less obvious is we are also landscaping the oceans-and have been doing so for a very long time. Historical artefacts suggest that artisanal fisheries in the Mediterranean Sea and Australia were utilising discarded rocks as fish aggregation devices around 3,000 years ago. The first modern artificial reef was recorded in Japan 500 years ago, where rubble and rocks were used to grow kelp. In the 19th century, logs were placed in coastal waters around South Carolina as fish aggregation devices.