Traditional ship operators and shipmanagement companies spent decades developing and perfecting working and operational practices before computers found their way into offices and on board vessels. For many smaller shipping companies, the paper-based systems adopted then are still in use today. Fleet or shipmanagement programs by contrast are a comparatively recent phenomenon. While some are simply attempts to bring paper-based systems into the computer age, others have been developed to take into account new requirements such as the International Safety Management and International Ship and Port Facilities Security codes, and the more recent need for Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plans.
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