From the Editor

摘要

Everyone's role has shifted. Systems are more complex in every respect. Long gone are the days where you built everything yourself. (I do mean everything. There was a time when you built a PC and wrote a lot of programs you used yourself. So, you were standing on the very low shoulders of BIOS routines and interrupt hooks. Screen I/O? Map and write to it yourself. Printing? Grab the physical port and dump your ASCII as fast as the port will take it. Etc., etc.) Now, you're assuredly working with code and subsystems built by others. Distributed. In the cloud.