The Implementation and Effectiveness of Transport Demand Management Measures: An International Perspective, Stephen Ison, Tom Rye (Eds.). Ashgate Publishing, Farnham (2008)

摘要

The idea of travel demand management (TDM) is to influence people's travel behaviour so as to reduce congestion (and other deleterious side-effects of our mobility culture). In essence this means persuading people to travel less or differently, and as such politicians, fearing they will lose votes, have generally been rather wary of embracing TDM approaches. In the UK at least, the best known TDM scheme to have been introduced is London's Congestion Charge - which, despite a successful launch, remains the only one of its kind after proposals to set up similar schemes in Manchester and Edinburgh were rejected following public rejection in referendums - but as this book makes clear, the TDM 'toolkit' actually contains very much more than road user charging. A whole range of techniques exists, including economic measures (such as congestion charging, public transport subsidy and trad-able permits), land use planning (e.g. car free developments and park and ride), traveller information (a good example of this is the 'Smart Measures' study carried out by the British Government), ICT use (teleworking and e-shopping) and administrative measures (e.g. alternative working patterns and parking controls).