Runoff Storage Potential of Drained Upland Depressions on the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa

摘要

We present estimates of the volumetric storage capacities of currently drained upland depressions and catchment depressional specific storage and runoff storage indices for the Des Moines Lobe of Iowa (DML-IA) subregion of the Prairie Pothole Region of North America. Storage capacities were determined using hydrologically enforced Light Detection and Ranging-derived digital elevation models, and a unique geoprocessing algorithm. Depressional specific storage was estimated for each 12-digit Hydrologic Unit Code (HUC12) watershed in the region from total catchment-specific depressional storage volume and catchment area. Runoff storage indices were calculated using catchment depressional specific storage values and estimates of the amount of rainfall likely to fall within each watershed during sub-annual and 1-, 2-, 5-, and 10-year 24-h events. The 173,171 identified drained depressions in the DML-IA can store up to 903.5 Mm(3) of runoff. Most of this capacity is in depressions located in the north of the region. Specific storage varies from nearly 109 mm in the younger landscapes to 10 mm in older more eroded areas. For 95% of the HUC12 watersheds comprising the region, depressional storage will likely be exhausted by rainfall-derived runoff in excess of a 1-year 24-h event. Rainfall amounts greater than a 5-year 24-h event will exceed all available depressional storage. Therefore, the capacity of drained depressions in the DML-IA to mitigate flooding resulting from infrequent, but large, storm events is limited.