The development of intelligent mateirals, i.e. materials that usually have a dramatic and reversible response to one or more external stimuli, is critically reviewed, with emphasis on intelligent fribrous materials. Initial developments and concepts were made with shape-memory metal alloys, followed by polymeric gels, and, more recently, intelligent fibrous materials. Examples of intelligent matals, polymer gels, and fibrous products are presented, and new applications and products based on fibrous intelligent materials are explored.
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