Synopsis of the fossil flat wasps Epyrinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae), with description of three new genera and 10 new species

摘要

The subfamily Epyrinae is the most common in the bethylid fossil record. Its geological history ranges from the Eocene to the Pleistocene, and it is the only subfamily that has no records in the Cretaceous. Here we revise, diagnose and illustrate known epyrine fossil wasps. A new genus is proposed, dagger Gloxinius Colombo & Azevedo gen. nov., to contain the species dagger Gloxinius bifossatus (Brues, 1939) comb. nov., transferred from Epyris Westwood, 1832. The species dagger Chlorepyris concaptus (Braes, 1933) comb. nov., dagger Chlorepyris invelatus (Brues, 1933) comb. nov. and dagger Chlorepyris setosus (Brues, 1933) comb. nov. are transferred from Epyris Westwood, 1832 to Chlorepyris Kieffer, 1913a. Three species are transferred from Epyris Westwood, 1832 to Pristocerinae: dagger Merascylla Colombo & Azevedo gen. nov. is proposed to contain dagger Merascylla atavella (Cockerell, 1920) comb. nov., and 1Pseudisobrachium elatus (Brues, 1933) comb. nov. and dagger Pseudisobrachium inhabilis (Brues, 1923) comb. nov. are transferred to Pseudisobrachium Kieffer, 1904a. One species is transferred from Epyris Westwood, 1832 to Scleroderminae: dagger Mael Colombo & Azevedo gen. nov. is proposed to contain dagger Mael longiceps (Brues, 1923) comb. nov. Ten new species are described from Baltic and Rovno ambers: dagger Chlorepyris deploegi Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Chlorepyris engeli Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Chlorepyris hopei Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Chlorepyris jouaulti Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Chlorepyris mckellari Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Chlorepyris meunieri Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Chlorepyris neli Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Chlorepyris perrichoti Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov., dagger Holepyris rasnitsyni Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov. and dagger Holepyris terayamai Colombo & Azevedo sp. nov. The species dagger Laelius nudipennis Brues, 1933 is no longer classified as Bethylidae and it is transferred to Platygastroidea incertae sedis. Eighty-one fossil species are now recognized in Bethylidae, with 30 belonging to Epyrinae and distributed within six genera. A key for fossil epyrines is provided.