Review of Spacecraft Crysogenic Coolers

摘要

Several cryogenic technologies have now been successfully de- veloped for use on space missions. Radiators and open-cycle cryo- gen systems were initially popular choices, and it is only within the past decade that cryocoolers have become attractive alternatives and indeed feasible for multiyear missions requiring temperatures below 80 K. The latest technologies for sub-Kelvin temperatures are presently undergoing space qualification. There is no ready an- swer to the question of determining which is the optimal cryogenic system to fly on a particular mission; a number of tradeoffs must be made in, for example, the available heatlift, the reliability and failure modes, the lifetime, the cost, and the ease of integration with the instrument complement.