Alkaline fuel cells applications

摘要

On the world-wide automobile market technical developments are increasingly determined by the dramatic restriction on emissions as well as the regimentation of fuel consumption by legislation. Therefore there is an increasing chance of a completely new technology breakthrough if it offers new opportunities, meeting the requirements of resource preservation and emission restrictions. Fuel cell techno1ogy offers the possibility to excel in today's motive power techniques in terms of environmental compatibility, consumer's profit, costs of maintenance and efficiency. The key question is economy. This will be decided by the costs of fuel ce1l systems if they are to be used as power generators for future electric vehicles. The alkaline hydrogen--air fuel cell system with circulating KOH electrolyte and low-cost catalysed carbon electrodes could be a promising alternative. Based on the experiences of Kordesch [K. Kordesch, Brennstoff batterien, Springer, Wien, l984, lSBN 3-387-8l8l9-7; K. Kordesch, City car with H_2-air fuel cell and lead--battery, SAE Paper No. 7l90l5, 6th IECEC, l97l], who operated a city car hybrid vehicle on public roads for 3 years in the early l970s, improved air electrodes plus new variations of the bipolar stack assembly developed in Graz are investigated. Primary fuel choice will be a major issue until such time as cost-effective, on-board hydrogen storage is developed. Ammonia is an interesting option. The whole system, armonia dissociator p1us alkaline fuel cell (AFC), is characterised by a simple design and high efficiency.