Upgrading old pipeline systems to the state-of-the-art

摘要

In the last 50 years many pipeline systems for the transportation of oil products have been constructed. Due to developments in the global oil market, there have been many changes in ownership of pipeline systems, and the current state of the pipeline systems has to be evaluated to decide how to upgrade these pipeline systems. This evaluation is based on the verification of the integrity of the whole pipeline system, including all related pump, block valve, and transfer stations.