Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: A rare complication of hypertensive encephalopathy in children

摘要

Abstract. Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome is a recently defined cliniconeuroradiologic entity, rarely reportednin children. Hypertensive encephalopathy is the most common cause. A 4-year-old boy presented with reversible posteriornleukoencephalopathy syndrome manifested by headache, seizures, coma, papilledema and facial paralysis complicating severenarterial hypertension. Computed tomography scan of the brain showed bilateral low-density areas corresponding to the frontal,nparietooccipital white matter and to the internal capsula. Blood pressure was controlled within 4 days and clinical recoverynwas obtained within 5 days. Magnetic resonance imaging, performed 2 months later, was normal. The arterial hypertensionnwas caused by renal scars of bilateral vesico-renal reflux. The clinical course, pathophysiology and neuroimaging features ofnreversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome in children are discussed.