Choosing the Best Treatment for Iron and Manganese Removal from Groundwater: A Case Study of Catalytic Media versus Ultrafiltration Membranes

摘要

Greensand filtration was tested during the same season as submerged ultrafiltration (UF) membranes on several ground-water sources affected by elevated levels of iron and manganese. Following the presentation of each system's performance, the strengths and weaknesses of each process are presented along with a discussion of which process is the best suited to a utility's individual needs. In particular, this discussion includes an analysis of the best application for wells that are considered groundwater under the direct influence of surface water and wells that are affected by the Ground Water Rule.