The Hierarchies of Slavery in Santos, Brazil, 1822-1888

摘要

Over the course of the nineteenth century, Santos developed from an unexciting coastal town into one of Latin America's most bustling port cities, responding to the meteoric growth of Sao Paulo's coffee exports and to the expansion of a railroad network. Befote it became known as the 'Brazilian Barcelona', in reference to the protagonism of organised labour on the waterfront, Santos served as a stage fot one of the Brazilian Empire's most active abolitionist and republican movements. From the 1860s, if not before, Santos had become a Mecca for fugitive slaves, as several quilombos sprouted up in suburban and rural areas surrounding the city. One notable community was Pai Felipe's, in Cubatao, later transferred by abolitionists into the city.