Future trends in emissions of N_2O from rivers and estuaries

摘要

Emissions of nitrous oxide (N_2O) from aquatic systems such as rivers and estuaries are enhanced as a result of human activities on land resulting in enhanced nitrogen availability in aquatic systems. These human activities include agricultural activities such as fertilizer use, as well as industrial activities resulting in nitrogen (N) losses to the environment. In this article, we analyze past and future trends in global emissions of N_2O from rivers and estuaries. We calculate aquatic N_2O emissions from trends in the export of nitrogen to coastal waters by world-wide rivers. These trends in riverine N exports are from the Global NEWS models, which are global, regionally explicit models developed in the NEWS (Nutrient Export from Watershed) framework. The NEWS models calculate nutrient exports from land to coastal waters, taking into account different human activities on the land, as well as biological N_2 fixation and different ways in which nitrogen is retained in watersheds, including the effect of dams. We present global total emissions of N_2O for the years 1970, 2000, and for four scenarios for 2050, as well as regional patterns.