This paper presents a fascinating analysis of the fundamentals of air-core vortex flow, combined with careful laboratory experiments and practical engineering applications at hydraulic intakes. The analysis expands on the tangential velocity relationship (3), proposed by Mih (1990). Fig. 1 convincingly demonstrates the similarity between tangential velocities for various configurations including jet-driven, wing-tip, rotating-bar, guide-vane, and air-core vortices. The analysis is nicely substantiated with three-dimensional velocity measurements for an air-core vortex stabilized by a pier for the convenience of measurements. The results are expressed in terms of three-dimensional fluid velocity components from (3), (19), and (24). From an analysis of (18), the authors concluded that the expressions for radial and axial vortex velocities contain an eddy-viscosity term, which should be proportional to vortex circulation.
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