Migration of lead and cadmium from ceramic kitchenware and estimation of sampling uncertainty

摘要

The aims of this study were (ⅰ) to evaluate the existing analysis capacity for leadand cadmium leached from ceramic articles, (ⅱ) to determine the migration of leadand cadmium from glazed ceramic kitchenware sold on the Turkish market, (ⅲ) toestimate the sampling uncertainty. Traditional ceramic cooking ware and Chinesebreakfast hollowware were sampled randomly from different sales points located inBursa in 2018 (n = 96). Ceramic articles were subjected to the migration conditionsspecified in the legislation, and the amount of lead and cadmium was determinedwith the inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry. It was found that thecurrent analytical method can quantify lower levels of the metals with acceptablemethod performance parameters. The amount of the metals migrated were far belowthe current permissible limits set in the legislation. Relative sampling uncertainty wasestimated as 66.1% and this result was related to the heterogeneity within a lot.