Nutzerzentrierte Fahrerplatzauslegung des Elektrofahrzeugs MUTE mit dem digitalen Menschmodell RAMSIS

摘要

One objective of the ergonomic car interior design process is to assure safe postures and postures with a minimum discomfort for vehicle occupants independent of their anthropometric measures like stature, proportion or corpulence. Another aspect is the positioning of control elements at locations that are good to reach and the positioning of displays at locations of optimal visibility. Furthermore, a high quality of sight regarding the traffic situation has to be assured for all anthropometries. This paper describes exemplary the ergonomic layout process of the driver workplace of the electric vehicle MUTE with the digital human model (DHM) RAMSIS. Under the leadership of the Institute of automotive engineering (FTM), 20 institutes of different faculties of the Technische Universitat Miinchen started the research project MUTE in January 2010. The objective of MUTE was the development of an urban electric mobility concept, and the construction of a demonstrator vehicle for the IAA Motor-show in September 2011 in Frankfurt. The vehicle MUTE should be designed for the vehicle class L7E. This results in the restrictions on a maximum vehicle weight of 450kg and a maximum power output of 15kW. Another objective was to achieve a maximum speed of 120km/h, with a guaranteed range of 100km (Graf et al. 2011). To achieve the top speed of 120 km/h with a 15 kW output power, also driving resistance has to be minimized. The reduction of aerodynamic drag leads to a small front surface and a low roof height. The small external dimensions of the vehicle inevitably lead to reduced interior dimensions. The task of the Institute of Ergonomics was to provide a minimum of discomfort and a maximum of space to occupants of different stature, proportion and corpulence. Digital human models (DHMs) help ergonomic design engineers during the virtual product development process to meet these requirements. The DHM used by almost all automobile manufactures is RAMSIS. RAMSIS was developed in the 1980s by Forschungsvereinigung Automobiltechnik (FAT), Tecmath GmbH and the Institute of Ergonomics (LfE). Basically, RAMSIS is an anthropometric DHM which gives the ergonomic design engineer the possibility to create Manikins with different body measures and to simulate the most likely posture based on manipulable restrictions. With the development of the toolkit RAMSIS kognitiv the DHM RAMSIS got the ability to simulate several factors of visual perception e.g. influence of age effects, glasses, reflections. The first part of the paper discusses the four anthropometric design principles for driver workplaces. These result from a theoretical fixation of the occupants at a defined contact point of man and car. Possible contact points are the heels, the hands, the h-point and the eyes. Because of the advantages regarding vision, the electric vehicle MUTE was designed with an eyepoint fix concept. That means that the eyes of all occupants are on the same position. Therefore, the pedals, the seat, the steering wheel and the control elements for secondary and tertiary driving tasks have to be adjustable. The size of the travels was defined by using manikins with the measures of 5th percentile (stature) females with a long and a short torso, and 95th percentile (stature) males with a long and a short torso. The body measures are based on the anthropometric database SizeGERMANY. The second part of the paper describes the process, which helped to assure the optimal visibility and readability of a touchdisplay located in the middle between driver and co-driver. For the positioning of control and display elements for the secondary and tertiary driving task the RAMSIS kognitiv simulation tools were used.%Bei der Auslegung von Fahrzeuginnenräumen und Fahrerplätzen spielen digitale Menschmodelle eine erhebliche Rolle. Neben der Auslegung der Verstellbereiche von Sitz, Lenkrad und gegebenenfalls Pedalerie für optimale Körperhaltungen unterschiedlich großer Insassen können digitale Menschmodelle auch verstärkt in der frühen Phase, bei der Gestaltung von Anzeige- und Bedienkonzepten für sekundäre und tertiäre Fahrzeugfunktionen eingesetzt werden. Im Rahmen dieses Artikels wird beispielhaft der Auslegungsprozess des Elektrofahrzeugs MUTE mit dem digitalen Menschmodell RAMSIS dargestellt. Neben einer Diskussion unterschiedlicher Auslegungsprinzipien für die Gestaltung des Fahrerplatzes von Straßenfahrzeugen werden exemplarisch die Simulationsmöglichkeiten von RAMSIS kognitiv bei der Auslegung eines zentralen Touchdisplays erläutert.