Modelling the Paradox in Stock Markets by Variance Ratio Volatility Estimator that Utilises Extreme Values of Asset Prices

摘要

We document the presence of the random walk effect in stock indices and, at the same time, find that the constituent stocks of the indices are excessively volatile. This gives rise to a paradox in stock markets between the behaviour of the stock index and its constituent stocks. We address this phenomenon in this article and reconcile the seemingly contradictory inferences by extending the Binomial Markov Random Walk (BMRW) model.