Effect of timing of prepartum vaccination relative to pen change with an acidogenic diet on lying time and metabolic profile in Holstein dairy cows

摘要

The objective was to assess the effect of prepartumvaccination timing relative to pen change with an acidogenicdiet at 28 or 21 d before expected parturition(dpp) on lying time (LT), prepartum serum energystatus (glucose, IGF-1, and nonesterified fatty acids),urine pH, and serum Ca at calving in pregnant Holsteindairy cows. Pregnant multiparous Holstein cows (n =308) from 1 large dairy herd were randomly allocatedinto 1 of 3 treatment groups at 35 ± 3 dpp as follows:(1) vaccination at 28 dpp and pen change at 21 dpp(V28PC21; n = 108), (2) vaccination and pen changeat 28 dpp (V28PC28; n = 99), and (3) vaccination andpen change at 21 dpp (V21PC21; n = 101). When cowschanged pens, an acidogenic diet was introduced. Everyother week, a group of 43 to 53 animals were enrolledand electronic data loggers (IceQube, IceRobotics)were fitted to the hind leg of individual cows to assesstheir LT. Blood samples were collected at 28, 26,21, 19, 14 dpp and at calving. Parity, body conditionscore, days dry, and gestation length were not differentamong groups. Overall, V28PC28 cows had 7 additionaldays in prepartum pens consuming an acidogenic dietcompared with V28PC21 or V21PC21 cows. Regardlessof treatment group, cows in the far-off pen had43 min/d less LT (709 vs. 753 min/d) and increasedday-to-day coefficient of variation of LT (0.21 vs. 0.10)compared with cows within the prepartum pen. Onaverage, for the 7 d following vaccination alone (28 to22 dpp period), V28PC21 cows had ～22 min/d less LTcompared with V21PC21 cows. Serum concentrationsof glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and IGF-1 werealtered following vaccination alone, pen change alone,or vaccination plus pen change with an acidogenic dietbefore calving. At calving, V28PC21 cows had greaterglucose concentrations (6.45 mmol/L) compared withV21PC21 cows (5.76 mmol/L), with V28PC28 cowsintermediate (6.11 mmol/L). The assessment of Ca statusat calving revealed that V28PC21 cows had greaterCa concentration (2.34 mmol/L) with lower subclinicalhypocalcemia (<2.0 mmol/L; 17.3%) comparedwith V21PC21 cows (2.17 mmol/L and 31.9%), withV28PC28 cows intermediate (2.28 mmol/L and 25.2%).Serum concentrations of IGF-1 at calving were alsogreater for V28PC21 (3.43 nmol/L) cows comparedwith V21PC21 (2.69 nmol/L), with V28PC28 cowsintermediate (3.07 nmol/L). Overall, V28PC21 cowshad greater serum glucose, IGF-1, and ～46% reductionin subclinical hypocalcemia (from 31.9 to 17.3%)compared with V21PC21 cows but did not differ fromV28PC28 cows (25.2%). These findings provided evidencethat vaccinating cows at 28 dpp, followed 7 dlater by pen change with an acidogenic diet at 21 dpp,would be beneficial.