Fungal nail disease: a guide to good practice (report of a Working Group of the British Society for Medical Mycology)

摘要

The term onychomycosis refers to fungal infection of the nails whether this is a primary event or a secondary infection of a previously diseased or traumatised nail. Infection may be due to dermatophyte (ringworm, tinea unguium) yeast, or other non-dermatophyte (mould) species, and the clinical appearance may indicate the nature of the infecting organism. In paronychia chronic infection of the nail fold is most often caused by Candida species, but bacterial infection with Gram negative species such as Pseudomonas may coexist. Acute paronychia (whitlow) due to staphylococcal infection may also occur, and the presence of these bacterial infections will influence management. Invasion of the nail plate by Candida species may occur in the presence of paronychia, immune deficiency states (including chronic muco-cutaneous candidiasis), Raynaud's disease, or endocrine disorders.