Measurements of Surface Seawater fCO_2 from Volunteer Commercial Ships: Techniques and experiences from Skaugran

摘要

Chemical measurements made in the northern North Pacific from a commercial volunteer observing ship (VOS) program during March 1995-March 1998 are presented. Quasi-continuous measurements of the fugacity of CO_2 (fCO_2, which takes into account the nonideal nature of the gas; the values are within 0.5-1.5 μatm of the partial pressure in surface water) in seawater were made from two independent systems with different designs, and those results are emphasized here. One system used a fast response bubbling equilibration with measurements each minute; the other system used a showerhead equilibrator with hourly measurements.