Skarn-mineralized porphyry adakites in the Harlik arc at Kalatage, E. Tianshan (NW China): Slab melting in the Devonian-early Carboniferous in the southern Central Asian Orogenic Belt

摘要

Graphical abstractDisplay OmittedHighlights•Porphyry deposits closely associated with adakitic diorite porphyries (382–390Ma).•Adakites most likely formed by melting of a young/hot subducted oceanic slab.•Southward migration defined for the Harlik-Dananhu arc from 390Ma to 322Ma.•Hot oceanic crustal slab contributes to crustal growth and mineralization in CAOB.AbstractThe geodynamic control of mineralization in the accretionary evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB) has long been controversial. Here we report new field, geochemical and geochronological data on recently defined porphyry and skarn-type ore deposits (Devonian-Early Carboniferous) in the Kalatage area in the middle of the Harlik-Dananhu arc, Eastern Tianshan, NW China in the southern CAOB, with the aim of better understanding the accretionary tectonics and genesis of porphyry and skarn-type mineralization. The Yudai porphyry Cu-(Au) deposits and the Xierqu skarn Cu-Fe-(Au) deposits are closely associated with Middle Devonian adakitic diorite porphyries (382–390Ma), which are calc-alkaline and characterized by high Na2O/K2O ratios and Sr contents (310–1020ppm), strong depletion of HREE (e.g., Yb=0.80–1.44ppm) and Y (7.68–14.50ppm), and all enriched in Rb, Sr, Ba, K and depleted in Nb and Ti. They are characterized by distinctive Eu positive anomalies, high Na2O contents and MORB-like Sr and Nd isotope signatures (high εNd(t)=+6.1to+7.0 and low (87Sr/86Sr)i=0.70412–0.70462). These adakites most likely formed by melting of a young/hot subducted oceanic slab, and adakites in general are important carriers of porphyry Cu±(Au) deposits. Early Carboniferous adakites in the Tuwu area south of Kalatage are known to have similar features. Therefore, skarn-mineralized porphyry adakites get younger from north to south, suggesting southward migration of the Harlik-Dananhu arc from 390Ma to 322Ma. These data indicate that partial melting of hot (and/or young) oceanic crustal slabs were an important mechanism of accretionary crustal growth and mineralization in the southern CAOB.