From Rikli's light-and-air hut to Tessenow's Patenthaus: Koerperkultur and the modern dwelling in Germany, 1890-1914

摘要

In the 1890s, the German educated bourgeoisie initiated the Life Reform movement (Lebensreform-bewegung) to reverse the psychic and physical degeneration caused by the rampant industrialisation and urbanisation throughout the nineteenth century. It brought together reforms such as Nat-uropathy, Korperkultur, vegetarianism, the abstinence movement, clothing reform, land reform, housing reform and the garden city movement. The Life Reform movement was a response to the principles of social hygiene as well as to the then hygienic conditions of the working classes.