The Ecosystem Approach: Complexity, Uncertainty, and Managing for Sustainability, by David Waltner-Toews, James J. Kay, and Nina-Marie E.Lister

摘要

Planners and designers inhabit the world of complexity on an everyday basis, though often unwittingly. At least since Rittel and Webber (1973) wrote their "Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning," we have understood the imperative to think about complex systems and have had at least a sense of the constraints and opportunities imposed upon us by a world that happens complexly. Rittel and Webber also provided the basis from which we might go about devising tools to help us deal with this inherent complexity, but we have not come very far in our efforts to capture and internalize these tools.