SPATIAL ORGANIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION PROCESS OF SHOPHOUSE IN RATANAKOSIN AREA, BANGKOK: A comparative study of shophouses from three different landowners

摘要

Shophouses of Ratanakosin, as its name suggests, are bi-functional buildings, one of them is commercial and the other is living. Variations of shophouse spatial organization are found in composition of their elements such as open court, stair, toilet and backlane. However, at the first stage of construction, shophouses of the same group generally had same patterns of spatial organization but later underwent changes depending on usage patterns. Finally, their spatial organization transformed into various types regardless of their origin and spatail articulation. Purpose of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of the spatial organization of shophouses. Three blocks of shophouse from three main landholdings, namely temple; Bureau of the Crown Property; and, the private sector have been selected as objects of study. A comparative study is carried out to determine the similarities and differences in their transformation process. Finally, the relationship between Building Code and transformation in shophouse will be discussed.%タイにおけるショップハウスはシンガポールから導入されたとされているが、タイ独自の形式を成立させてきたように思われる。本稿はバンコクのラッタナコシン地区のショップハウス全44棟（地区）に関するフィールド調査をもとにして、その類型を明らかにした前稿に続いて、さらに土地所有形態の異なる寺院所有、王立財産局所有、個人所有さ地区に焦点を当て、ショップハウスの変容（増改築）過程について明らかにし、考察している。3つの地区のショップハウスのもともと平面形態も前庭を持つもの（A型）、後庭を持つもの（D型）、庭を持たないもの（C型）とそれぞれ異なっている（A-Eは前稿の類型）。それぞれの地区について細かく住居類型を見ると、それぞれ5つの型を区別することができ、その関係に一定の変容過程を推定することができることを論じた。