A REVIEW OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT AND ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTIC THEORIES OF THE HINDU-BUDDHIST CANDI ARCHITECTURE IN JAVA AND BALI ISLANDS

摘要

The purpose of this paper will criticize and discuss some theories about the historical development and architectural characteristics of the Hindu-Buddhist candi architecture which were built from the 7th to 15th centuries in the Java and Bali Islands. Most of the theories were proposed by archaeologists, historians and architects who came from Dutch, England, France, India, Japan and Indonesia as well. In general, the experts examined the candi architecture that was looked at from archaeological and historical approaches and some of them observed in architectural point of view. By this study means, all of the theory and primary data of previous study will be critically reviewed and the weakness of each theory will be discussed. Therefore, as a result, it can show the historical chronology of the Hindu-Buddhist candi architecture development and achieve the most reliable theory, which is supported by some new evidences that are found during a field research in the island of Java and Bali.