関野克の登呂遺跡住居復原案の形成過程と「復元」の基本方針

摘要

1．緒言弥生時代後期の遺跡・登呂遺跡の復元住居は、静岡市の依嘱により建築史家・関野克（1909－2001）が設計し、伊藤要太郎による現場監督のもと昭和26年3月に竣工したもので、その後日本各地で行われた原始住居の復元に先鞭をつけたものとされる。周知のように、この住居は砂鉄製錬小屋・高殿の架構に想を得て復原されたものであるが、本稿は、従来あまり注目されてこなかったこの復原案の形成過程を分析することでその設計意図を明らかにし、さらに同案を実際に再建するなかで関野がどのような問題に直面し、対処したのかを考察することで、「復元」という行為のもつ意義について考える一助とすることを目的としている。%The design for the reconstruction of the primitive dwellings at the remains of Toro was entrusted to Masaru Sekino who had been got involved with this nationally monumental research project from the beginning when the site was discoverd in 1943. In the process of making an "ideal" form of the dwellings, Sekino focused on giving a reasonable structural system to the image of ancient dwellings shown in archaeological relics, which was based on his architectural thought relating to the concept of design(style) and technology. In order to recreate the original design, as a consequence, original building technique, such as construction process, details of joints of structural members, and especially its structural system, was deliberately and eagerly recreated grounded on inevitably scarce academic evidences that was to be completed with his "imaginary restoration," although adding structural reinforcement in the back or anti-deterioriation devices due to the actual demands as a contemporary construction.