ミャオ族の穿闘式木造民家の架構と仕口:中国貴州省における少数民族の穿闘式木造民家の構法に関する研究

摘要

The Chuandou System(pillars-and-transverse-tie-beams)wooden frame is wildly used in Miao people's houses in Qiandongnan region of Guizhou Province of China. The Chuandou System wooden frame is composed of vertical pillars and horizontal beams called"Fang". In this area, the house building is following a traditional production organization that the local carpenters design the house and process wooden components and the setting-up of the frame that is completed by joint work of villagers. By investigating the construction process of G house in Gongna Village, Qiandongnan region, this study has clarified that five types of the mortise and tenon joints are used in Chuandou systerm wooden. To provide an effectively setting-up construction, the local carpenters should devise the combination of mortise and tenon joints, and also process the horizontal beams(Fang)by different heights and widths in different positions even in the same beam as the shorter area can ensure the beams insert mortise smoothly. Therefore, relatively complicated process skill as well as a simple setting-up frame is developed in this region.%本研究は貴州省黔東南地域における穿闘式木造民家を対象に以下の5点を明らかにした。①穿闘式木造民家の架構は柱と枋で構成され、最も重要な接合構法は2本に枋が柱の両側から挿し柱の枘穴で接合するのである。②現在は部材の名称は、簡単な漢字と数字を組み合わせて表す。③「枋」について、既往研究で指摘された「進大出小」は「進」と「出」を交互に組み合わせることで柱の動きを相殺する工夫がある。④仕口は5種類あり、小屋組の瓜柱と瓜枋の接合には込栓を使用しないが、柱と排扇枋の接合は左右の動きを止める「栓」あるいは上下左右の動きを同時に止める「込栓」が使用される。⑤「枋」は差し込むところのみを削り、それ以外の厚みを残すことで、差し込みと逆方向の動きを止めることができる。