Stochastic security-constrained frequency control in joint energy and reserve markets considering system frequency and rate of change of frequency

摘要

This paper describes how the dynamic and inertial characteristics of the power system can be derived and incorporated into security-constrained market-clearing procedure with unit commitment to control the static frequency as well as rate of change of frequency (Rocof) following the occurrence of a contingency. The model is capable of scheduling sufficient reserve services as well as appropriate level of synchronous inertia economically to ensure that system frequency excursion, the Rocof of any single generator, and the Rocof of the system, following an outage, do not exceed pre-described tolerable values. The frequency is considered by modeling the generators’ governor performance, load-frequency dependency, frequency-based reserve scheduling, and Rocof. The developed model is analyzed through three case studies; a three-bus system scheduled over 1 h and the IEEE one-area and two-area RTS-96 test systems over 24 h, and the simulation results are carried out to inspect the effectiveness of the model. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.