STRETCHING from the North Sea to the Harz mountains, Lower Saxony is Germany's second-largest state by land area (after Bavaria), but with 8 million people spread across 48,000km2, only 11th in terms of population density. This is reflected in the regional rail system, with a mixture of high-density routes feeding into cities such as Hannover, Bremen and Hamburg, and a patchwork of secondary lines linking smaller towns to the core network.
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