A REVIEW ON RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN THE HEMODYNAMICS OF NANO-DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

摘要

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in developed countries. CVD is produced by atherosclerotic lesions that reduce arterial lumen size through plaque formation and arterial thickening. This decreases blood flow to the heart and frequently manifests itself in severe hemodynamic complications like myocardial infarction or angina pectoris. A drug delivery system (DDS) is a clinical methodology (formulation or device) that enables the introduction of a therapeutic substance into the body and improves its efficacy and safety by controlling the rate, time, and place of release of drugs in the body. Drug delivery technologies modify drug release profile, absorption, distribution, and elimination for the benefit of improving product effectiveness and patient convenience and compliance. The review extensively explores hemodynamic aspects of the cardiovascular system and diseases that can be treated via nano-drug delivery with a comprehensive overview of research efforts in these areas. Nanomedicine is an expeditiously growing science in which biomaterials (drugs) engineered at the nanoscale are implemented to enhance therapeutic performance and improve patient treatments. Among the many other diverse applications of nanomaterials in medicine (e.g., biotribology, tissue repair, orthopedic implants, etc.), nano-drug delivery systems have emerged as among the most promising ones. This technology has evolved into a significant platform for delivering successfully remedial agents to diseased sites with substantially greater target control, precision, and sophistication. By greatly increasing site-specificity, lowering toxicity, and target-oriented delivery, nanotechnological drug delivery (nanopharmacodynamics) has consistently achieved very impressive consistency, benefits and has aided massively in the fight against potentially lethal hematological diseases. Recently, nanomedicine has embraced an even wider range of applications including the administration of chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, diabetes regulation, sterilization, cancer and tumor inhibition, rheumatic fever mitigation, etc. The current review presents a comprehensive appraisal of nano-drug delivery systems, simulation with engineering methods, types of nanodrugs and their effectiveness. The excellent targeting properties attainable with magnetic nanoparticles as engineering pharmacodynamic agents, in particular, offer huge potential in the treatment of many complex hemodynamic disorders. Furthermore, the present review summarizes the efficiency of drug carrier nanoparticles in mitigating the adverse effects of stenosed blood vessels and outlines other future potential uses for nano-drugs in biomedical applications.