Optimal scheduling of intelligent parking lot using interval optimization method in the presence of the electrolyser and fuel cell as hydrogen storage system

摘要

These days, a new concept called intelligent parking lot (IPL) has been extensively paid consideration to be used in power system industry. Using charge/discharge of electric vehicles (EV), IPLs attempt to exchange power with the upstream grid. In addition to IPL, studied model involves non-renewable and renewable units such as wind turbine, photovoltaic (PV) system, local dispatchable generator (LDG) like micro-turbine and hydrogen storage system (HSS) which are used all together to satisfy energy demand. In this work, optimal scheduling of an IPL has been studied under time-of-use (TOU) rate of demand response program (DRP) in which price of upstream gird is set to be uncertain which uncertainty is modeled via interval optimization technique. This technique trans- forms uncertainty based model into a deterministic multi-objective model with deviation and average costs as the inconsistency objective functions. Then, applying epsilon-constraint technique and fuzzy approach, mentioned multi-objective problem is solved. Obtained Pareto results as well as selected trade-off results in various case studies have been compared to prove efficiency of employed techniques. Obtained results revealed that due to positive influence of DRP, increase of average cost of IPL has been reduced up to 2.46% while deviation cost of IPL has been decreased up to 12.49%. (C) 2019 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.