Application of Renewable Energy in Buildings

摘要

The aim of this chapter is to analyze the application of renewable energy in buildings located in the South of Portugal. The results of this review chapter are used in Mediterranean environment, from Kindergartens to University buildings. In this work the numerical and the experimental analysis are considered. In order to apply the energy in buildings, different systems using renewable energy sources are used. Solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy, and biomass energy, for example, are used. In this work the produced energy and the energy management is used to promote acceptable comfort conditions, namely, to increase the thermal comfort level, to reduce the local thermal discomfort level and to improve the indoor air quality. Internal radiant surfaces, using biomass, solar and geothermal energies, in summer and winter conditions, are presented. In summer the use of solar and geothermal energies are considered, while in winter the use of biomass and solar energies are applied. The application of convective (thermo-convectors) and radiative (radiant surfaces) heat using biomass, solar and geothermal energies, in summer and winter conditions, is analyzed. The building's geometry, the shading devices (external panels and trees), and the orientation are analyzed. This work presents methodologies that can increase the solar radiation in winter and reduce it in summer conditions. The application of internal greenhouse, in winter conditions, and cold underground spaces, in summer conditions, are also analyzed. The internal energy transport, of non-polluted air, from warm to cold spaces is also analyzed. The internal air circulation, using external wind field, is also considered. Finally, HVAC (Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning) systems with new control systems are also implemented. The application of a control system based in human thermo-physiology, that reduces the energy consumption, for example, is also analyzed.