The massive sections of spillway and control structures normally comprise mass concrete with a maximum size of aggregate of 75 mm to 150 mm and having moderate 28-day compressive strengths (typically less than 20 MPa). However, concrete which may be subject to abrasion and cavitation from high velocity flowing water or abrasion from sediments carried by flowing water is typically made from concrete with aggregate size limited to 40 mm and having a strength of 35 MPa or more and capable of receiving a smooth finish to a specified flatness. (Aeration of the water flow is used as a further means of minimising or eliminating cavitation damage.)
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