Chemical monitoring by Sensor

摘要

Chemical sensors constitute a broad class of technology that covers a wide range of sensing approaches, physicochemical principles, instrumentations, and analytical procedures. In general, a sensor design comprises a transducer element that converts one signal to another for various measurements and a recognition matrix containing suitably incorporated components to enhance the sensor's performance in one or more of the following areas: sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and stability. Chemical sensors have traditionally been classified according to the physical nature of the sensing signal by which the device detects the analytes, or substances undergoing analysis - namely, photometric, fluorescent, electrochemical, piezoelectric, and acoustic sensors. This broad classification of sensors often subdivides into smaller groups following the different modes by which the sensor qualitatively or quantitatively measures the transduced signal. For example, further classification of electrochemical sensors includes amperometnc (monitor current with respect to time), voltammetric (monitor current with respect to the applied potential), or potentiometric (monitor potential under which no current flow exists) sensors.