Fluoride Removal From Aqueous Solution Using Batch, Column and Home Water Treatment Method by Low Cost Adsorbent: Prosopis spicigera L. Wood (PSLW) Carbon

摘要

An agricultural low-cost material, Prosopis spicigera L. wood (PSLW) was carbonized and used as an adsorbent for removal of fluoride from aqueous solution by batch, column and clay filter (home water treatment) methods. The adsorbent was characterized by BET method (nitrogen adsorption at 77 K) for pore and textural properties, scanning electron microscopy for surface morphology, potentiometric titration for pH_(ZPC), FTIR for surface functional group and Boehm estimation of surface functional groups. The adsorption of fluoride ion on PSLW carbon was carried out at different pHs, adsorbate concentrations and contact time, adsorbent dosage and temperature conditions to determine the optimum condition for adsorption. Batch adsorption experiments show that maximum defluoridation was at pH 1.0. Pseudo first order kinetics (Lagergren), pore diffusion and surface mass transfer models were used to evaluate the kinetic parameters and adsorption mechanism. To describe the equilibrium isotherm process, the data were analyzed using Langmuir model. Thermody-namic behaviour of the adsorption reaction indicates an endothermic spontaneous adsorption process. Column data were analyzed using Thomas model. Exhausted PSLW carbon was regenerated with alkali.