A method is described for analyzing the mean effective gain (MEG) of antennas moving in a mobile communication environment. The MEG characteristics of a mobile antenna are determined by the mutual relation between the antenna patterns and the statistical distribution of incident waves in an environment. To analyze this relation theoretically, a general expression for the MEG using a statistical model of incident waves is derived, and a novel statistical model, whose distribution is uniform in azimuth and Gaussian in elevation, is proposed. The validity of the statistical model is confirmed through 900-MHz-band measurements carried out in a Tokyo urban area, and the empirical parameters for the statistical distribution are described. The MEG characteristics of a half-wavelength dipole antenna are investigated using the proposed method, and it is shown that the theoretical curves calculated using the empirical parameters are in excellent agreement with experimental results. This analysis is extremely applicable for evaluating the MEG characteristics of arbitrary mobile antennas in various mobile communication environments.
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