Er3+-doped channel optical waveguide amplifiers for WDMsystems: a comparison of tellurite, alumina and Al/P silicate materials

摘要

Er3+-doped tellurite and Er3+-doped aluminanoptical waveguide amplifiers are analyzed both as single amplifiers andnas elements of 16-channel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)nsystems; their performances are compared with that fromnEr3+-doped Al/P silica waveguide amplifiers. The amplifiernmodel is based on propagation and population-rate equations and includesnboth uniform and pair-induced up-conversion mechanisms. It is solvednnumerically by combining finite elements and the Runge-Kutta algorithm.nThe analysis predicts that Er3+-doped tellurite waveguidesnexhibit improved gain characteristics compared with alumina and Al/Pnsilica waveguides. Using Er3+-doped tellurite waveguidenamplifiers, it is suggested that 16 WDM channels may be transmitted to anmaximum distance of 4250 km. By using in-line notch gain equalizingnfilters, the maximum transmission distance can be increased to 5250 km