Services, technologies, and systems at Ka band and beyond-a survey

摘要

This paper discusses system and technology aspects crucial to thendevelopment of satellite communications at Ka band (20-30 GHz) andnbeyond. It surveys the evolution of Ka band geostationary Earth orbitn(GEO) satellite communications until the present stage of development ofnsystems for direct-to-user (DTU) provision of interactive multimedianservices worldwide. Then it discusses the attenuation problem and mainntechnical issues of this new technology. Finally, it provides a view onnexperiments and technological developments at extremely high-frequencyn(EHF) bands