Emergence of the Arctic Themisto libellula (Amphipoda: Hyperiidae) on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf as a result of the recent cooling, and its potential impact on the pelagic food web

摘要

The eastern Bering Sea shelf experienced a sequence of warm years after a regime shift in the late 1970s. Following a series of unusually warm years in the early 2000s, the climate shifted again in 2007 to a series of extremely cold years that were marked by intense ice coverage and late ice retreat. Spatial and temporal variability in zooplankton communities during the recent cold period was investigated as part of the collaborative BEST-BSIERP program. An increasing presence of the Arctic hyperiid Themisto libellula, which had not been reported from the southeastern Bering Sea since the 1970s, was observed in the Middle Shelf Domain, indicating a developing structural shift in the zooplankton community in response to continuous cold conditions. Simultaneously, T. Hbellula became an increasingly dominant prey in the diets of zooplanktivorous fish and seabirds, demonstrating the important role for T. Hbellula in the pelagic food web. Our analysis suggests that T. Hbellula is capable of controlling copepod populations, thus it may become a potential contributor to top-down regulation of Calanus spp. in the eastern Bering Sea.