Investigation of the impacts of vegetation distribution and evaporative cooling on synthetic urban daytime climate using a coupled LES—LSM model (pages 1574–1586)

摘要

Local flow properties and regional weather or climate are strongly affected by land-atmosphere interactions of momentum andnscalars within the daytime convective boundary layer (CBL). In this study, we investigate the impact of green space scale on thendaytime atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) over a synthetic urban domain using a recently developed large-eddy simulationlandnsurface model (LES–LSM) framework. With the use of realistic soundings as initial conditions, a series of numericalnexperiments over synthetic urban surfaces with varied scale of vegetated area is performed. Simulated micrometeorologicalnproperties, surface fluxes, basic CBL characteristics, and cloud distribution are analysed. The results show reference-level airnpotential temperature and specific humidity as well as surface fluxes over green space are significantly affected by the scalenof green space in the urban domain. The surface organization due to vegetated area scale also has impacts on horizontallynaveraged scalar and momentum profiles; however, the magnitude in this study is smaller than the results of a previous studynusing a set of offline surface fluxes as the lower boundary condition for LES. In addition, even though this study only performsna daytime diurnal cycle, the impact of green space scale on cloud distribution in simulations is significant. The cases withnmore organized green space yield lower-elevated cumulus cloud and larger-cloud cover fraction, which impacts the energynbudget at the top of boundary layer and, in turn, could lead to additional surface cooling with respect to longer-term weathernand climate. Copyright  2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.