Hydrogeological investigation of karst system properties by common use of diverse methods: a case study of Lička Jesenica springs in Dinaric karst of Croatia

摘要

Lička Jesenica is a sinking river situated in the Dinaric karst environment of the Lika region of Croatia. The two main karstnsprings, Veliko Vrelo and Malo Vrelo, provide the majority of Lička Jesenica’s water. Because of the quality and abundance ofnthe water they contain, these springs are strategically important to the public water supply. Previous knowledge regarding thensprings` karst system has been negligible. Therefore, a bulk hydrogeological research program was conducted with the purposesnof establishing protection zones and assessing the springs’ water-supply potential. The research work comprised the followingnmethods: hydrogeological mapping, setting up of monitoring stations for evaluating discharge and water quality, time seriesnanalyses (hydrograph–chemograph), hydrochemical analyses, and geophysical surveys. The main results and conclusions of thenresearch include the following: (i) confirmation that both springs drain a common aquifer; (ii) determination of the highlynvulnerable nature of the karst systems; (iii) identification of the Veliko Vrelo Spring’s more direct connection to the aquiferdrainagensystem in comparison to the Malo Vrelo; (iv) estimation of the positions and depths of the springs` main feedingnconduits; (v) confirmation of the extent of the geologically presumed catchment area; and (vi) finally, establishment of sanitarynprotection zones. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd