Johann August Kruse (1822-1895), Leader in Melbourne's Nineteenth-Century Chemical and Pharmaceutical Professions.

摘要

(later John) August Kruse (1822-1895) wasna key figure in the development of pharmacynand pharmaceutical education in Victoria.nHis contributions encompass the professionalnassociation, the PharmaceuticalnSociety of Victoria, the local pharmaceuticalnindustry and the School of Pharmacy.nPrepared for his profession in hisnhomeland through an apprenticeship,nstudies at the University of Gottingen andnpassing the State Examination, Krusenseems to have aspired to own a provincialnpharmacy in East Friesland. Failure tonrealise this ambition led him to a new lifenin Australia. Here his high-quality Germanneducation, which is examined in detail innthis paper, distinguished him from many ofnhis local colleagues, who were Britishtrainednor untrained. Had he acquired anpharmacy in Germany, he probably wouldnnot have differentiated himself from hisncolleagues to the same degree and hisncontribution to pharmacy would have beennless significant. He has been mentioned innseveral publications and a short biographicalnarticle was published to mark thencentenary of the Victorian College ofnPharmacy, of which Kruse was foundingndirect0r.l The current paper examines hisncontributions in detail and, in particular,considers the importance of his Germanneducation and training in relation to hisnconsiderable achievements.