Методические основы создания структурных схем рек на основе картографической базы данных

摘要

Structural schemes of rivers are an important form of presentation of information about linear objects. They show elements of a river network in a rough form and are intended at fast assessment of information. Currently structural schemes of transport networks are spread widely. At the same time, structural schemes of rivers are important for users because they show the main river and reflect the hierarchy of its tributaries, and provide information on the subordination of rivers. These schemes are quite informative and can be used for water tourism, in hydrological research, for educational purposes, as well as to solve various analytical problems related to water bodies. In this article, the authors propose methodological foundations and approaches to the construction of structural schemes of rivers on the basis of cartographic databases. The study has identified the main groups of river schemes and analyzed the main sources for their creation, identified the main parameters of structural schemes, proposed mathematical algorithms and methodological solutions for building schemes. The use of the proposed methodological principles and approaches in practice will allow automating the basic processes of creating schemes and as a result increasing the efficiency of their creation; improving the content of the schemes: making the structural schemes of rivers more graphic and understandable to the user, as well as expanding the scope of their application.%Приводится обзор структурных схем, рассмотрены их характерные черты и способы применения, проанализирован существующий опыт создания. Для автоматизированного построения структурных схем рек авторы предлагают методические решения, основанные на использовании картографической базы данных. Определены основные виды структурных схем рек, проанализированы главные источники для их создания, установлены основные параметры структурных схем, предложены математические алгоритмы по вычислению масштаба и графической нагрузки схемы.