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Rapid climate change: lessons from the recent geological past

机译:快速的气候变化:最近地质学的教训

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Rapid, or abrupt, climate change is regarded as a change in the climate system to a new state following the crossing of a threshold. It generally occurs at a rate exceeding that of the change in the underlying cause. Episodes of rapid climate change abound in the recent geological past (defined here as the interval between the last glacial maximum, dated to approximately 20,000 years ago, and the present). Rapid climate changes are known to have occurred over time periods equal to or even less than a human lifespan: moreover, their effects on the global system are sufficiently large to have had significant societal impacts. The potential for similar events to occur in the future provides an important impetus for investigating the nature and causes of rapid climate change. This paper provides a brief overview of rapid climate change and an introduction to this special issue, which presents results generated by the palaeoclimatic component of the UK Natural Environment Research Council's rapid climate change programme, called RAPID. The papers in the special issue employ palaeoclimatic proxy data-sets obtained from marine, ice core and terrestrial archives to reconstruct rapid climate change during the last glacial cycle, its subsequent termination and the ensuing Holocene interglacial; some papers also report new attempts to match the palaeodimate data to hypothesised causes through numerical modelling. The results confirm the importance of freshwater forcing in triggering changes in Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) and the close links between MOC and rapid climate change. While advancing our understanding of these linkages, the RAPID research has highlighted the need for further research in order to elucidate more specific details of the mechanisms involved.
机译:快速或突然的气候变化被认为是超过阈值后气候系统向新状态的变化。它的发生速度通常超过根本原因变化的速度。在最近的地质历史中(这里定义为最近的冰川最大时期(可追溯到大约20,000年以前)与现在之间的间隔),气候变化迅速。众所周知,快速的气候变化发生在等于或小于人类寿命的时间段内:此外,它们对全球系统的影响足够大,可以对社会产生重大影响。将来可能发生类似事件的可能性为调查快速气候变化的性质和原因提供了重要动力。本文简要概述了快速的气候变化,并介绍了此特刊,它介绍了英国自然环境研究委员会的快速气候变化计划RAPID的古气候部分所产生的结果。本期特刊中的论文采用了从海洋,冰芯和陆地档案中获得的古气候代用数据集,以重建上一个冰川周期,随后的终止和随后的全新世间冰期的快速气候变化。一些论文还报告了通过数值建模将古生物数据与假设原因进行匹配的新尝试。结果证实了淡水强迫在触发大西洋经向翻转环流(MOC)的变化以及MOC与快速气候变化之间的紧密联系方面的重要性。在增进我们对这些联系的理解的同时,RAPID研究强调需要进一步研究,以便阐明所涉及机制的更具体细节。

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