The phenomenon of earthquake induced liquefaction has given rise to many spectacular geotechnical failures, such the tilting and collapse of buildings in the 1964 Niigata earthquake, dam failures in the 1971 San Fernando earthquake and destruction of port facilities in the 1995 Kobe earthquake. Rightly so, these events have drawn the attention of academics and design engineers, as well as the media and the general public, due to their consequences both in terms of potential for loss of life and the impact on the economy of the local communities.
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