Modeling combined fluid and stress change effects in the seismic response of a producing hydrocarbon reservoir

摘要

The exploration and production of hydrocarbons are generally accomplished with the aid of 3-D seismic to image reservoir structure and, in some instances, reservoir properties and direct hydrocarbon indicators. Repeated seismic surveys over a period are termed time-lapse seismic (and sometimes 4-D seismic). Changes observed in the seismic character with time have been attributed to impedance changes as a result of production (e.g. Gawith and Gutteridge, 1996).